7. Property.

 

The property status of citizens of the Russian empire was in direct dependence on their class accessory. Features of property relations and the hereditary right of various estates are reflected in sections I, II, IV, therefore in the given section short characteristics of documentary sources will be given only.

Property documents basically were postponed in funds of those establishments which duties included fixation of a property status of the person: available, got, sold, passing to other person for debts, as a gift and by right of succession property.

For XVI-XVII centuries the circle of these establishments is limited to orders and local controls. As clear split of functions between orders was not, consideration of the same questions was in the competence of different orders. The  reading and writing was the most often meeting document of this period жалованная . Among жалованных the reading and writing which were making out ground relations and to name right the feudal property it is possible patrimonial, поместные preferential, reserved обельные, несудимые. To the reading and writing fixing property relations between feudal lords, it is possible to carry: efficient, separate (on property section), supplementary and given (on church assignation). Zhalovannye reading and writing to trading estate concerned permission questions to do business and, in particular, foreign, releasing from duties and duties, granting of privileges at trial of claims etc. The set of data of genealogical character can be found both detailed genealogical, and short data only about the concrete person.

Zhalovannym reading and writing were preceded, as a rule, by the petitions which purpose was competition of certain privileges or donations. In petitions the special attention was given to transfer of merits not only the applicant, but also its relatives. In petitions the surname, a name, a patronymic, a residence, relationship degree, estate, a service place, a post, data on that, as a rule, were specified, there was an applicant under court or not.

In XVII-XX centuries instead of petitions other mass document - the application in which the same information, as in petitions contained appears and fixed.

At section of ground property separate reading and writing were made . As the section usually occurred between relatives, in these reading and writing, except detailed data about the landed property instructions on between whom and on what basis there was a section were given. Since XVIII century this document began to be called separate record. There were some variants of separate records, basic of which steels full and short. In a full variant were specified: a surname, a name, a patronymic, a residence, the marital status, relationship degree, estate, a service place, a rank, data on property; in a short variant the surname, a name, a patronymic, a residence and estate contained only. The property section was fixed also in amicable record where, except detailed data about property, were specified: a surname, a name, a patronymic, the marital status, relationship degree. Estate, a rank.

In XIX-XX centuries a wide circulation in all estates were received by the house certificate on  property section where were specified: a surname, a name, a patronymic, a residence, the marital status, relationship degree, estate, possession of the earth and the real estate.

The particular interest for the characteristic of a property status of citizens of all estates represents the complex of documents connected with fixation and execution of last will of the person - with the will. During the mandative period this document was called spiritual record, books of record of wills, and later: the house  will, the notarial  will. The set of data in these documents, as a rule, is identical: a surname, a name, a patronymic, a residence, the marital status, relationship degree, estate, a service place, possession of the earth and the real estate.

All questions connected with inheritance, were documented: the statement for  financial claims with the appendix of the scheme of inheritance; calculation about structure and value of hereditary property; the certificate on the statement of the rights to the inheritance. In all these documents the following information, as a rule, contains: a surname, a name, a patronymic, wedding, relationship degree, estate and a property status.

At the decision of laws of succession through court to already listed documents were added: opinion of successors on section of property and opinion of court, the register of the remained property.

It is judicial-mezhevye trials in receivership proceeding passed with attraction межевых cards, plans and other materials межеваний [1].

In plans, межевых books, field magazines members of a family are listed as owners, maiden names of women-zemlevladelits are specified,

 

If owners lived in other settlement their residence, and also ranks, titles, posts and ranks is underlined.

In property relations the appreciable role was played by the guardianship-supervision [2], established by the law over the person or its property in following cases: on the early childhood of the owner, on its inconsistency, on recklessness or madness. Levy of execution and the report on the guardianship, made annually before the guardianship termination were the basic documents in affairs about guardianship  . In these documents data on the died owners of property, on its sponsored successors (at juvenile the age necessarily is underlined), about the trustee and very much detailed data about property and its estimation contain.

In XIX century in property relations of citizens of Russia property pledge began to occupy the big place. On the security credit societies and banks the property irrespective of a social origin of the person undertook. Pledge procedure was anticipated by the certificate of the notary on reliability of a manor for pledge in which were specified: a surname, a name, a patronymic of the owner, its marital status, relatives, estate and a property status. Then followed the announcement of desire put property, activity of the estimated commission and revealing of incomes from property. From the documents arising in the course of pledge of property, the greatest interest is represented by sheets of magazine of board of a credit society and the    bank  board meeting record  where along with the information on put property, its character, volume, a site the detailed information on the person and its related communications is given, especially if it is the woman.

At a land buying  lists of the peasant which contained data on a surname, a name, a patronymic, age, relationship degree, estate, possession of the earth and the real estate were made family-imushchestvennye .

Were made on peasants at purchase of the earth by them through Country land bank. Are stored in funds of branches of Country land bank.

After reform of 1861 the big distribution have received укрепительные the decisions containing following data: a surname, a name, a patronymic, a residence, relationship degree, estate, possession of the earth and the real estate.

These documents were made земским by the chief and fixed the property right of the peasant to it надельную the earth; have remained in funds local земских chiefs.

Last group of property documents of mass character is connected with taxes. It is necessary to notice first of all that in them it is frequent, but not always there is a genealogical information, i.e. They were made in two variants: detailed and short. In a full variant of the authorised reading and writing data contain: a surname, a name, a patronymic, a residence, relationship degree, estate, a property status, a surname of the owner, names of members of the family, liberated. From tax documents of mass character the most informative are окладные sheets in which along with the detailed characteristic of ground possession are specified: a surname, a name, a patronymic of the owner, estate, a rank, a name and a patronymic of the wife (if the owner the man) and names of children (if the owner of a manor the woman).

аааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааа