аааааааааааааааааааааааааааааа аааааааааааааааааааа INTRODUCTION.

 

Interest to genealogy in our country has the steady tendency of growth. People, realising the place in a sheaf: I - a family - a sort - the people, address to history of the ancestors. Studying of the origin, history some kind of promotes understanding of the importance of each person, increase of its responsibility for destiny some kind of, the families, all its living representatives, interferes with dissociation and alienation of people in modern conditions.

The stream of genealogical inquiries of citizens and establishments grows in the state archives, executing which, archivists include in a scientific turn малоиспользуемые until recently layers of a documentary heritage different exclusive complexity.

In the conditions of absence of the complex information on a condition, safety and placing of genealogical sources in the state archives of Russia, an insufficient readiness of systems of documenting of social functions during the various historical periods, неисследованности full specific structure of sources of the genealogical information, handbook creation "the Genealogical information in the state archives of Russia", answering to science and practice pressing needs, is represented exclusively actual.

The given working out has no analogues in system of scientifically-methodical grants. Archival funds of the central and local establishments Russia stored in federal and regional archives became objects of its studying; the acts establishing norms of documenting of social functions of a society; works on stories of official bodies, stories, genealogy, the right, etc., the Central share catalogue, guidebooks, directories archives and other kinds of explanatory notes of the state archives.

Chronological frameworks источниковой bases of the given work cover the period from XVI century till 1917 the Choice of the given chronological frameworks speaks that to the middle of XVI century there are complexes of genealogical sources of mandative office-work, and is caused not only social order change, but also inaccessibility of many documents containing the genealogical information, both in connection with restrictive dates, and with works on рассекречиванию the big documentary complexes 1917.

The genealogy is the auxiliary (special) historical discipline which is engaged in studying of an origin and stories of sorts, surnames and separate persons, related communications, drawing up родословий. A word "genealogy" of the Greek origin both means concept "family tree" and there is from words "gene" - "sort", “логос” - "science".

Scientists distinguish the general or theoretical genealogy and practical or applied. The first is engaged in research of laws of genealogical communications, revealing of the general phenomena of history of sorts, and the second - direct studying of sources and construction on their basis of genealogical trees, tables or the description родословий in the usual book form. Quite often problems of practical genealogy are proofs of the rights and privileges. Definition of genealogy of L.M.Savelov divided on two parts. The first part he named official and defined so: "the genealogy is constructed on authentic documents and other sources the proof of the relationship existing between persons, having the general ancestor or the descendant, irrespective of a social standing of these persons", and the second, concerning an internal spiritual life of separate persons and families, as follows:" The genealogy is history of this or that sort in all displays of a life of its representatives, both public, and family "[1].

Representations of pre-revolutionary researchers-genealogov about high sense and value of genealogy were perfectly and deeply expressed by father Pavel Florensky: "When it is told about a family tree use image to much more pertinent in this case, than the speaking usually think. The sort really is a tree, and it the fourth is valid ветвится, but not in height, i.e. in the third measurement, and during time, i.e. measurement...

The sort is a uniform organism and has a uniform complete image. It begins in time and comes to an end. It has blossoming and the declines... The the historical sense of a sort, the less the bases to wait for the further growth of a patrimonial branch to which it belongs was more full and more absolutely expressed in the known representative...

аааааа the Vital problem of everyone - to learn and the form some kind of, its problem, the law of its growth, critical points, a parity of separate branches and their private problems, and against all they be to learn own place in a sort and own problem, not individual, put to, and the - as a member of a sort, as body of the higher whole. Only at this patrimonial self-knowledge the conscientious attitude to a life of the people and to mankind history is possible, but usually do not understand it and patrimonial self-knowledge neglect, esteeming him at worst - for a subject of empty vanity, and in the best - for the lawful historically earned occasion to pride ”[2].

ааааа After 1917 the genealogy has been shown to practical receptions of reception of data on property and social relations of people. Behind genealogy, as well as behind heraldry, the reputation of a science of noble family was for a long time fixed. In a historical science genealogical researches have passed in area of a source study and have saved up the big scientific potential.

Most the genealogy complete definition was given by V.B.Kobrin: "One cannot say that the subject of a genealogical science today was up to the end clear. Whether the establishment of relations of relationship and property in a combination to the most basic vital marks (a birth, death, marriage) enters into sphere of its action only or than its component is wider, covering also office or other career, character and objects of the property, the social both legal status and its change? The decision of this question ambiguously" [3]. Without applying for the final decision, V.B.Kobrin has offered the following definition of genealogy:" Genealogy - the historical discipline which is engaged in studying and drawing up of family trees, finding-out of an origin of separate sorts, families and persons and revealing of their related communications in close unity with an establishment of the basic biographic facts and the data about activity, the social status and the property of these persons. Thereby the genealogy does not come off the biography, but also does not mix up with it "[4].

Leaning against the made definition composers of the handbook have tried to divide the biographic and genealogical information.

The genealogical information represents itself, as a rule, information legally issued and fixed in corresponding typical documents establishing relationship, genealogical communications and sort history. Data are necessary for an establishment of genealogical communications, at least about representatives of two generations of a sort.

аааааа the Biographic information contains the data about a life and activity of one person.

Handbook appointment has caused its structure.

I. "the Basic concepts of genealogy and a way of search of the genealogical information" contains data on concepts, receptions of genealogy and ways of search of the genealogical information in which the most typical approaches are reflected. Algorithms of search are dictated by two basic conditions: 1) a set of requisites of the genealogical information in inquiry and 2) structure of documents of the given archive, therefore, in our opinion, modelling of variants of search is more expedient for spending by means of the computer in special research.

For composers the important part of work was creation of the index of kinds of the documents containing the genealogical information. In the first column of the index kinds of documents, in the second - a fixed capital in which these documents were postponed and in the third - pages on which their characteristics are given are in alphabetic order listed. The index is the original guidebook in the sea of the genealogical information.

Authors used in the given chapter of working out of domestic and foreign genealogov-theorists, suggesting the user most to choose a technique of conducting records convenient for it, symbols, forms of tables etc., without applying at all for a new word in genealogy and bypassing those scientific disputes which are conducted on many questions by scientists-genealogami on pages of special magazines and at genealogical conferences. Our purpose - rendering assistance to archivists and researchers in practical work with the genealogical information in archives.

The second chapter "Archival sources of the genealogical information" has designated the case of the most informative sources of the genealogical information, leaning against concrete sense of genealogy as родословия, i.e. data on the documents containing the information at least about two generations of a sort are included in it. Structure of the head have defined developed генеалогами the requisites of the genealogical information fixed by them in genealogical cards and the file. The basic marks of human life became sections of the head:

1) a birth, a christening, adoption;

2) a residence;

3) marriage, divorce;

4) estate, a rank, a rank, a title;

5) formation;

6) service;

7) property;

8) death, burial.

аааааа Each of the listed sections includes a reference part with necessary historical and legislative data and short characteristics of the archival documents containing the genealogical information.

Samples of a part of these documents are placed in the end of the head.

In "Appendices" the information necessary for more profound researches on relationship and property are supplied; the dictionary of names and concepts of relationship blood, spiritual and properties; tables and schemes, the list of the used literature, etc.

Research was carried out by the big group of authors of employees ВНИИДАД, federal and regional archives of Russia. At the first stage a number of archives of various ranks has been surveyed, groups of the funds containing considerable complexes of documents with the genealogical information are revealed and the technique of revealing and the description of the data card of a genealogical source is developed. Taking into account structure of archives-co-authors, between them certain groups of funds have been distributed. For example, class establishments, establishments of spiritual department, educational institutions, переселенческие establishments etc. Work in archives was conducted in the following sequence: at first the analysis of inventories of those structural divisions of establishments in which the information on realisation of functions of social regulation concentrated was carried out. At selection of affairs for полистного viewing following conditions were met: It was looked through not less than 2-3 affairs with the same headings within each annual section of the inventory to fix time borders of changes in structure of the genealogical information of certain kinds of documents or to be convinced that such changes have not occurred. At revealing and the description of documents information problems of the future grant in which should find reflexion were considered: kinds (versions) of documents with the genealogical information, requisites of the genealogical information in each of kinds (versions) of these documents, instructions of the cores фондообразователей, documents containing corresponding kinds (versions) and, whenever possible, evolution of data cards of described documents. The description was made on thematic cards which were sent in institute for the analysis. In total it has been sent more than 5 thousand the cards which have made a representative file for studying. As a result of the analysis of this file, its specification and addition the case of the basic documents containing the genealogical information has been defined.

Working contacts of composers both to colleagues-archivists, and to various groups of genealogov-fans, have allowed to consider in the grant of their wish about inclusion in it of reference blocks and the standard data concerning certain document files of the genealogical information. Composers have gone on additional researches, considering and that circumstance that in the conditions of the interrupted genealogical tradition for practical researches presence of such data in the grant, certainly, can facilitate orientation in difficult and multidimensional genealogical searches.

The directory is intended for workers of the state archives, museums, libraries, regional specialists, science officers, students and genealogov-fans.